“For a valid contract to emerge, there are five elements that must be present and recognizable. These are offer, acceptance, consideration, intention to create legal relationship, capacity to create legal relationship and capacity to contract. Thus, before any contract or agreement can be said to come into existence in law, there must be an unmistaken and precise offer, followed by an unconditional acceptance of the terms mutually agreed upon by the parties thereto. That is to say the parties to the agreement must be in consensus ad idem as regards the terms and conditions freely and voluntarily agreed upon by them. See BILANTE INTERNATIONAL LTD VS NIGERIA DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION (2011) 6-7 SC (PT IV) 113, OMEGA BANK PLC V. OBC LTD (2005) 8 NWLR (PT 928) 547, AMANA SUITES HOTEL LTD V. PDP (2007) 6 NWLR (PT. 1031) 453. Therefore, where an offer is made but is not accepted, there can be no agreement or contract arising therefrom. An offer is an expression of readiness to contract on the terms specified by the offeror (i.e the person making the offer) which when it is accepted by the offeree (i.e the person to whom the offer is made) will give rise to a valid and binding contract. In other words, it is by acceptance that the offer is converted to a contract. See SPARKLING BREWERIES LTD & ORS V. UNION BANK OF NIGERIA LTD (2001) 10 SCM 163. A mere willingness to enter into a negotiation with a view to entering into a contract cannot be an offer but at best an invitation to treat. See OMEGA BANK PLC V. OBC LTD (SUPRA).” Per OSEJI, J.S.C. in ABDULLAHI & ORS v. EL-RUFAI & ORS (2021-LCER-40454-SC) (Pp 9 – 10 Paras D – F)